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Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (The Psychology of Intuitive Judgement) by [Ed. Gilovich, Thomas, Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman]

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Daniel Kahneman

Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (The Psychology of Intuitive Judgement) 1st Edition, Kindle Edition

by Ed. Gilovich, Thomas (Author), Thomas Gilovich (Editor), Dale Griffin (Editor), Format: Kindle Edition

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Is our case strong enough to go to trial? Will interest rates go up? Can I trust this person? Such questions - and the judgments required to answer them - are woven into the fabric of everyday experience. This book, first published in 2002, examines how people make such judgments. The study of human judgment was transformed in the 1970s, when Kahneman and Tversky introduced their 'heuristics and biases' approach and challenged the dominance of strictly rational models. Their work highlighted the reflexive mental operations used to make complex problems manageable and illuminated how the same processes can lead to both accurate and dangerously flawed judgments. The heuristics and biases framework generated a torrent of influential research in psychology - research that reverberated widely and affected scholarship in economics, law, medicine, management, and political science. This book compiles the most influential research in the heuristics and biases tradition since the initial collection of 1982 (by Kahneman, Slovic, and Tversky).

ISBN-13

978-0521792608
Edition

1st
Publisher

Cambridge University Press
Publication date

8 July 2002
Language

English
File size

11226 KB
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Book Description

This book, first published in 2002, compiles psychologists' best attempts to answer important questions about intuitive judgment. --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.

About the Author

Thomas Gilovich is a professor of psychology at Cornell University and author of "The Wisest One in the Room, " "How We Know What Isn t So", " Why Smart People Make Big Money Mistakes", " and Social Psychology". He lives in Ithaca, New York.

Daniel Kahneman is Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Princeton University and a professor of public affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He received the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering work with Amos Tversky on decision-making. --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.

Product details

ASIN ‏ : ‎ B00AHTN6I2
Publisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press; 1st edition (8 July 2002)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
File size ‏ : ‎ 11226 KB
Simultaneous device usage ‏ : ‎ Up to 4 simultaneous devices, per publisher limits
Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
Print length ‏ : ‎ 881 pages

Best Sellers Rank: 685,369 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- 370 in Cognitive Psychology Textbooks
- 676 in Psychology Education & Training
- 858 in Cognitive Science

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Thomas Gilovich
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Daniel Kahneman
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Daniel Kahneman (Hebrew: דניאל כהנמן‎, born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, as well as behavioral economics, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. Smith). His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), and developed prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979).
In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School. Kahneman is a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He is married to Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman.
In 2015 The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world.
Bio from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Photo by see page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.
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Prof. Pillkahn

"...intuitive judgement is often the only practical method for assessing uncertainty." (S.19)

Reviewed in Germany on 10 February 2020

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Man könnte sagen, dieses Buch ist die Grundlage für R. Dobellis 'Die Kunst des klaren Denkens'. Sicher, das eine ist (war) ein Bestseller, auch leicht zu lesen, aber eben auch oberflächlich und leider auch ohne jegliche Referenz auf die eigentlichen Quellen.
Letztlich geht es - wie immer im Leben - um Entscheidungen unter Unsicherheit. Das ist hochspannend. Wir unterliegen in zahlreichen Situationen einem sogenannten Bias und greifen auf Heuristiken zurück. Dadurch kommt es zu Fehlentscheidungen.
Das Buch ist in drei Teile gegliedert: Teil 1: Theoretical and empirical extensions, Teil 2: New theoretical directions, Teil 3: Real world applications. Jeder Abschnitt teilt sich in weitere Kapitel und fast jedes dieser Kapitel liest sich wie ein Krimi.
Beispielhaft sei hier Kap. 14 erwähnt: ('The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence'). Letztlich werden Expertenmeinungen als 'often wrong, but rarely in doubt' - also 'keine Ahnung aber ohne jeden Zweifel' beurteilt. Und das wissenschaftlich - mit Zugriff auf Forschungsergebnisse von über 50 Jahren. Das überzeugt und man lernt viel über Menschen und warum sie so entscheiden, wie sie entscheiden. Kann man jedem empfehlen, dem Dobellis Werk zu oberflächlich ist.

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Mr. Stephen G. Dale

Good reference book.

Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 14 May 2015

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Very good reference book for anyone interested in heuristics.

2 people found this helpful

EOEP DE ANDORRA

Very good and complete investigation.

Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 30 March 2014

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This book reflects all the last investigations about human judgment.
Very interesting. I hope somenone try to apply these theories to education in a future.

2 people found this helpful

星

大学院教材で買いました

Reviewed in Japan on 15 April 2014

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セカンドハンドでしたが、割れや書き込みのないいいものでしたー
安い値段で購入できて満足です

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Dr. Lee D. Carlson

Of vast importance

Reviewed in the United States on 30 October 2005

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This collection of articles has its origin in the work of one of the editors (Daniel Kahneman) and Amos Tversky (now deceased) in the 1970's. The first article in the book gives an introduction to this work and a brief historical survey. This work, along with current developments, is extremely important, for it sheds light on the differences (if any) between "intuitive judgment" and judgment that is based on more quantitative, mathematical, or algorithmic reasoning. If human judgment in uncertain environments is based on a limited number of simplifying heuristics, and not on extensive algorithmic processing, this would be very important for someone who is attempting to implement or simulate human reasoning in a machine. Economics, finance, and political decision-making are other areas that need a more accurate view of human judgment. Indeed, the "rational agent" assumption in classical economics, wherein the person makes choices by assessing the probability of each possible outcome and then assigning a utility to each, is considered to be fundamental, even axiomatic. It is therefore of great interest to examine challenges to this assumption.

In order to test the rational agent assumption, experiments must be conducted to test whether indeed the human assessment of likelihood and risk does indeed conform to the laws of probability. The data obtained in these experiments must then be judged as to whether it can be used to decide between the rational agent model and models of human judgment that are based on "intuition" (however vaguely or mystically this latter term is defined).

The authors of the first article in this book discuss some of the work on these questions, in particular the research that involved comparing expert clinical prediction with actuarial methods. The latter were found to perform better than the former. Even more interesting is that the clinician's assessments of their abilities were very far from what the record of success actually indicated. Some research has also indicated that intuitive judgments of likelihood do not correspond to what is obtained by Bayesian reasoning patterns.

These results, as the authors discuss, motivated performance models that were not based on the assumption of full rationality, but rather on what is called `bounded rationality.' The developers of this model felt that the processing limitations of the human brain dictated that humans must choose very limited heuristics when engaged in decision-making.

Also of great interest, and discussed in another article in the book, is the human ability to engage in affective forecasting. The latter involves the making of decisions based on the predictions of the emotional consequences of future events. The authors study the accuracy of affective forecasting and the accompanying notion of `durability bias.' The latter notion arises when individuals attempt to estimate how long particular feelings will last, and this estimation seems to be considerably longer than what actually occurs. The authors discuss some of the reasons for the durability bias in affective forecasting. One of these is ordinary misconstrual, where events are thought to be more powerful than what are actually realized, resulting in the overestimation of the duration of the affective responses to these events. Another regards the difficulty in forecasting affective reactions to events about which much is known. In addition, the authors point to "defensive pessimism" as to another of the reasons for inaccurate affective forecasting. This allows for mental preparation for the consequences of an event, and for positive feelings when the affective duration is smaller than what had been predicted. The main emphasis of the authors' article though is much more interesting than these explanations, for it involves the notion of a `psychological immune system.' Quoting the research of many psychologists, and arguing in analogy to the ordinary biological immune system, the authors view this system as one that protects the individual from an "overdose of gloom." Further, the functioning of the psychological immune system is optimized when it is not brought into the conscious focus of the individual. This `immune neglect' however has as a consequence the durability bias, in that if an individual fails to recognize her negative affect will decrease and be subjected to psychological mechanisms that assist greatly in this diminution, then she will tend to overestimate the time duration of her emotional reactions. The authors discuss empirical studies of durability bias in their article, and discuss some of the consequences of their studies. One of these concerns the possibility that humans could be mistaken about their own internal experiences. This is a very troubling possibility, but the authors give many references that purport to support it. This research shows that not only can people be completely mistaken about their feelings toward an object, but that their actual behaviors is better evidence of their internal states than what they report verbally.

Another interesting article in the book concerns the topic of automated choice heuristics. This area has arisen as a reaction to the idea that human choice can be predicted using theoretical models of optimal choice. Instead, one must identify the heuristics the people use to simplify their choices. These heuristics are used to restrict or compress the amount of information that is processed by the human brain and also to deal with the complexity in which this information is assimilated. There are many different theories of choice heuristics, and some of these are discussed in the article. Some of these theories involve heuristics that are "deliberate", i.e. involve the elimination of aspects and slower cognitive processes, and some involve heuristics that are "automatic" and judgmental, i.e. that arise from cognitive processes that are rapid and not controllable. Judgmental heuristics is also referred to as `System 1' heuristics in the article, whereas deliberate heuristics is referred to as `System 2' heuristics. The authors give a very interesting overview of automated choice heuristics, involving choices that are based on immediate affective evaluation, and choices that are using the option that is first thought of. All of these discussions, as are all the others in the book, are extremely important.

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Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (The Psychology of Intuitive Judgement) 1st Edition, Kindle Edition

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